PSY019 Culture And Individual Differences

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PSY019 Culture And Individual Differences

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PSY019 Culture And Individual Differences

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Course Code: PSY019
University: University Of Bedfordshire

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Country: United Kingdom

Question:

In this section you should give a brief overview of the health condition and state clearly what health psychology theory and research can offer in terms or understanding and/or management. This could be discussing factors that predict the onset of affect management , you should therefore make reference to the Biopsychopsocial approach and any models such as the Health Belief Model or Theory of Planned behaviour
You should also state the aims of the poster. 
Content – Application
You should demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how Health Psychology theory can be applied to a specific health problem. You should present and evaluate key theories and methodologies and acknowledge strengths and weaknesses in relation to your chosen health issue.
Content – Conclusion
You should draw the key points within your poster together here and link back to your introduction/background. End with a concluding sentence, which is your take home message.
Creativity
Your poster should be creative and eye catching with use of diagrams, pictures and clear sections in order to communicate your message to the target audience.
Communication
Your poster should be written in grammatical English and accurately and concisely convey how Health Psychology can be applied to a specific health problem in a multi-disciplinary environment. Although you are writing for health professionals, no previous knowledge of health psychology should be assumed and jargon should be avoided.

Answer:

The health condition ‘Diabetes’ is taken under study through this poster. Diabetes mellitus is the group of metabolic disorders in the body for a longer period of time which raises the blood sugar levels in the human body.
Several health psychology theories are used to study and understand the impact of diabetes. Also, the use of Biopsychosocial approach and the health belief model explains about the stated health condition.
The aim of the poster is to analyze the health condition in the particular targeted audience and to devise the methodology for the treatment of the disease to prevent risks in the longer period. The communication of the disease among people to take preventive measures and follow a healthy diet is the another main concern of drafting the poster.

also known as diabetes mellitus by the doctors is defined as a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (sugar) levels.
There are 3 main kinds of Diabetes mellitus, one of them to be studied is Type-2 diabetes. It begins with the insulin resistance and the statistics show that this is accounted for 90% among the cases of diabetes (Medicine net, 2018).
The main cause behind this is either due to inadequate production of insulin, or when the body cells do not respond to the insulin properly (Endocrine web, 2018).
The most common symptoms of the patients with diabetes, are frequent urination, unusual weight loss and weight gain, intense thirst, hunger, male sexual dysfunction and many others.
Diabetic people need to bring changes in their eating habits and take healthy diet. They need to engage themselves in the self-management activities. Taking proper medications and monitoring their sugar levels (Health line, 2018).
Blood sugar level should be below 8% to reduce the risks or the complications associated with the disease. Application of several models and theories will help to study and understand the particular health problem.
Diabetes is the commonly widespread disease among million of people, which is most importantly cured by self care and social support. There is a positive relationship between self care and social support.

theory of Planned behavior, it sets a premise to predict how a specific human behavior is generated according to the health condition.
Health belief model, for the treatment of diabetes states that higher the perceived threat in the health condition , higher is the chance of the person engaging in the health promoting behaviour.
Health psychology plays a major role in the treatment of the health issues and it deals with the psychological and the behavioural processes in health, illness and healthcare.
Psychological factors and behavioural factors affect the person’s health directly. Behavior of the individual such as smoking habits or the excessive consumption of alcohol, eating fast food, or a positive health behavior can enhance the health of the person.
Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach , to describe that the health is not only affected by biological processes. Also, the other processes include social, behavioural and the psychological factors of the individual.
Biopsychosocial model attributes the outcome of the disease to the variable interaction of the biological, psychological and the social factors. The model states that it is essential to handle all three influences together as they can affect the working of the body and the mind (Sarafino & Smith, 2014).

The treatment of type 2 diabetes poses a great financial burden on the patient, therefore self-management approach is essential. Also, it states the crucial role of family, friends, and the health care providers, the benefits of peer support and the effective role of literacy in diabetes self-care.
The role of social support and the health care providers helps in maintaining a good control over diabetes because along with other factors, stress due to long working hours and the neglect of health is the major cause behind the disorder (Webmd, 2018). 
The above mentioned factors affect the treatment and management of diabetes 2 and state the methodology to improve .
Several guidelines were provided that mentioned the treatment of diabetes 2, tight glycaemic control should be maintained  by the patients through the active combination of  antihyperglycaemic medications and the changes in lifestyle (Gilbert & Krum, 2015).

Patients adherence to the diabetic therapy include the social support and the benefits of peer groups, friends. As these are the common factors in the case of diabetes.
In order to manage diabetes successfully, patients should not only rely on the medications. Also, they should focus on making necessary changes in their lifestyle, reducing the intake of fast food.
Self management and the other methods should be implemented , as diabetes is considered to be the main cause of diseases such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and many others.
The primary goals in the treatment of diabetes for the patients is to maintain the proper metabolic control in the body.
Taking proper medications, avoiding unhealthy habits, involving meditation, and other recreational activities.
Diabetes management is complex and it requires a life-long commitment and drastic changes in the lifestyle.

Self management is the ability of an individual to manage the system, treatment, physical and psychological consequences and the other lifestyle changes that are associated with the particular disorder. Self management theories include improved glycaemic control, reduced medical costs and fewer hospital admissions (Chrvala ,Sherr and Lipman, 2016
 
Conclusion

To conclude the analysis of the disorder of ‘Type 2 diabetes’ , it is stated that it is a widely spread phenomenon and the most common causes reported are unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity. For the treatment of type 2 diabetes, several approaches and health psychology theories are used.
Use of self management approach mainly led to the prevention of risks due to diabetes. Also, the role of social support and friends, healthcare services led to the proper health maintenance and the medications.
Hence, guidelines should be followed to prevent diabetes to help from the higher complexities and risks.
References
Healthline. (2018). Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes. 
Mcewen, M. M., Pasvogel, A., & Murdaugh, C. L. (2016). Family self-efficacy for diabetes management: psychometric testing. Journal of nursing measurement, 24(1), E32
Chrvala , C. A., Sherr, D. and Lipman, R. D. (2016). Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient education and counselling, 99(6), 926-943.
Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2014). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions. United States: John Wiley & Sons.
Medicine net. (2018). Medical definition of diabetes mellitus. 
Gilbert, R. E., & Krum, H. (2015). Heart failure in diabetes: effects of anti-hyperglycaemic drug therapy. The Lancet, 385(9982), 2107-2117.
Endocrine web. (2018). Type 2 Diabetes causes. 

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