NUR20002 Mental Health Nursing

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NUR20002 Mental Health Nursing

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NUR20002 Mental Health Nursing

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Course Code: NUR20002
University: Swinburne University Of Technology

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Country: Australia

Question:
Critically analyse the effects that this has had on the health of people with mental illness and on the consumer experience.

Answer:
In the early centuries, patients suffering from mental health were mainly admitted to specific mental hospitals which had appropriate settings for the mental health people. Carer and relatives mainly admitted their patients to such hospitals with the hope of providing professional care for them which could not be provided in other settings (Snen & Snowden, 2014). This concept of institutionalization carried on for many years until it began to be serious criticized by a number of researchers in the later eras. A concept gradually came into being that mental health people once admitted to such institutions can never come back into a regular normal life.  People were highly stigmatized about mental health patients often developing feelings that mental health issues are demonic curses or religious punishments. Moreover such hospitals settings were criticized due to their unhygienic surroundings and also different type of human right violations which hampered the mental health stability of such patients with a higher degree (Saymah, Tait & Michail, 2015). Therefore the concept of taking such patients out from such unhealthy environment to community based care settings was really very necessary and the modern achievements in science helped in this scenario. This concept is called deinstitutionalization which had several positive effects on the patients. Therefore the essay will mainly focus on the effects that deinstitutionalization had on the health of mental patients and will also help to portray how the recovery oriented mental health framework had contributed to the development of an appropriate treatment system for the mental health patients.
There uses to exist a social taboo about the concept of a patient being mentally ill. They were usually held as social embarrassments for the family as the stigma associated with mental health issues were present in every heads. Moreover the state hospitals were less funded and were also understaffed. This often resulted in inappropriate ad unhygienic environment for treatment (Pilgrim, 2014). Mental health treatment also lacked evidence based practice which violated human rights like using of medical restraints, keeping them secluded and locked in rooms and others. These only resulted in severe conditions where the families could never hope their patient to get well in life. All these resulted in researchers to severely criticize the techniques resulting them to enable a system that would be free from any sort of above mentioned negative aspects (Hermenau et al., 2014)
By the middle of the 1950s, the concept of deinstitutionalization gradually came into being where outpatient treatment of such individuals was promoted in separate community settings. This helped the patients to feel socially included within the community which made them free form any mental stress and helped to maintain their stability. Moreover, invent of the antipsychotic drugs have contributed a lot to carry forward the concept of successful deinstitutionalization strategy (Hiday & Moloney, 2014). This movement from asylum based care in large undifferentiated isolated mental hospitals to a community oriented care based on psychotic drugs and evidence based nursing practice ensured a higher quality of life which is the right of every human being on the planet. It basically took two important parts into consideration. These were providing more human rights to the mentally ill patients which were previously violated. Another important effect was that it changed the notion of the society’s perspective from sending them away from society to integrate them more into the society as much as possible (Nordeberg, 2016).
The recovery oriented framework for mental health treatment in Australia was mainly conducted following the concept of deinstitutionalization only providing a detailed guideline which the healthcare professionals can apply. Not only was them, the framework also published in such a way so that even the carers and the family members can also make themselves aware of the different interventions that they can take. It had helped to depict the important core principles, values and also different behavioral skill which of practices can ensure better mental health for the patients (Shek & Pietila, 2016). Even appropriate examples are provided so that the carers and the family members can match them with their own experiences and thereby help them to take active steps. It had depicted four important domains that need to be highlighted. They have critically analyzed each of the domains that provide details of the holistic approach necessary for treatment along with that of the concept of supporting personal recovery, organizational commitment and also workplace development. It has also showed the actions that should be taken in cases of social inclusion and also to assess the correct social determinants that will modify the life of the patient for betterment. The framework had correctly placed importance on the exact interventions that form the main foundations of the deinstitutionalization like advocacy, treatment, support, connection, inclusion and also acceptance. The framework had showed that it becomes extremely important for the healthcare staffs and the caregivers to infuse the feelings of resilience, optimism, strength and hope in the mental health patients which tend to gradually reduce when the patient’s condition intensify (Kidd, Kenny & Mckinstry, 2014).
The recovery framework have also included a number of different models of recovery like the Glover model and others which helps the caregivers to alter their practices in such a way so that they can provide a person centered care for each patient. It has accounted an entire list of interventions that not only included a scientific approach but also develop communication skills for tackling the patients and their family members as well. It had also helped in the proper guidance to the authority to form a framework of correct resources and funding along with the best of expertise to provide the best care setting possible for a mental health patient (Slade et al., 2014). A number of tools have been provided like Recovery-oriented Systems Indicators Measure (ROSI), Recovery Promotion Fidelity Scale (RPFS) and many others which will help in assessing the conditions of the patients. It had also taken into account the multiculturism and diversity management that is extremely important in management of mental health patients along with the different types of rehabilitation service which when established carefully will bring the best results.
Therefore from the entire essay, one can easily understand ill effects that institutionalization had on mental health patients. Researchers have therefore severely criticized it and introduced the deinstitutionalization techniques which have achieved positive responses all over the globe. However in Australia as well government had supported this view for many years which have made them to introduce the recovery oriented framework for mental health treatment that follows the ideals of deinstitutionalization and provides guidelines for setting up a proper community system with best virtues and interventions to treat mental patients and give then better quality lives. 
References:
Hermenau, K., Hecker, T., Elbert, T., & Ruf?Leuschner, M. (2014). Maltreatment and mental health in institutional care—Comparing early and late institutionalized children in Tanzania. Infant mental health journal, 35(2), 102-110.
Hiday, V. A., & Moloney, M. E. (2014). Mental illness and the criminal justice system. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society.
Kidd, S., Kenny, A., & McKinstry, C. (2014). From experience to action in recovery-oriented mental health practice: A first person inquiry. Action Research, 12(4), 357-373.
Nordberg, A. (2016). Therapeutic governmentality and biopower in a Canadian mental health court. BioSocieties, 11(2), 240-261.
Pilgrim, D. (2014). Key concepts in mental health. Sage.
Saymah, D., Tait, L., & Michail, M. (2015). An overview of the mental health system in Gaza: an assessment using the World Health Organization’s Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). International journal of mental health systems, 9(1), 4.
Shek, O., & Pietilä, I. (2016). The Limits for Deinstitutionalization of Psychiatry in Russia: Perspectives of Professionals Working in Outpatient Mental Health Services. International Journal of Mental Health, 45(2), 118-134.
Shen, G. C., & Snowden, L. R. (2014). Institutionalization of deinstitutionalization: a cross-national analysis of mental health system reform. International journal of mental health systems, 8(1), 47.
Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O’Hagan, M., Panther, G., … & Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 12-20.

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