MANAGEMT 7224 Knowledge Management

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MANAGEMT 7224 Knowledge Management

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MANAGEMT 7224 Knowledge Management

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Course Code: MANAGEMT7224
University: The University Of Adelaide

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Country: Australia

Questions:

1.
Define and extensively explain each of the following, giving examples whenever possible (preferably genuine examples) :

Data, Information and knowledge.

Tacit and Explicit Knowledge.

People Management.

Total Quality Management (TQM).

Knowledge repository.

2.
Answer the following questions and defend your responses showing your “critical thinking” and “analytical skills”  :

Can knowledge be converted from one type to another?

Write your ideas on the concept of “Sharing knowledge” mentioning when is it beneficial and when is it not.

Are tacit and explicit knowledge related?

Why do we manage knowledge?

How can people and cultures affect an organizations ability of managing knowledge?

How can an organizations structure affect its ability to manage knowledge?

What is the role of the human resource management department in any organization towards knowledge management?

How can knowledge management be used to ensure customer satisfaction?

Explain the ways knowledge can be created.

There are many knowledge management thinkers, you have studies three of them in class, who are they? What are their different perspectives about knowledge management?

Answers:

1. Data, Information, and knowledge
In the contemporary, we hear people using the words data, information and knowledge interchangeably without knowing that they are making mistakes. The word data refers to anything that is that is represented in the digital that also includes the non- executing knowledge that is reserved in digital form. Data is what humans take as the facts of the environment or the world we live in. it exists in raw form and may not have any significance in on its own (Liew 2013). A good example of data is the tallness, and the color of a person’s hair or eyes.
Information refers to data that has been given useful meaning through a relational connection.  The information allows for the expansion of human knowledge past his senses. Information helps people share data with other. For example, when we take a picture of an object, the photograph is information but what we see in the photograph is data. Knowledge refers to the appropriate gathering of information which is useful. Knowledge simply put represents what we know including our beliefs and expectations. When a student memorizes information for purposes of an exam or test, he or she has amassed knowledge. Knowledge is stored in the brain because it has the ability to connect all the things together (Liew, 2013). Computers do not have any knowledge because they can’t understand what they process.
Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
Tacit knowledge is a type of knowledge that is gets embedded in the mind as a result of jobs and experiences. Also referred to know-how, tacit knowledge includes intuitions and insights. Whereas explicit knowledge is the type of knowledge that is codified and digitized in report, memos, books, and documents. This is a knowledge that is easily learned, shared, employed or articulated.  A common example of explicit knowledge is information contained in the school library textbooks.
People Management
People management entails the tasks of recruiting, managing, supporting and directing people, often the employees of an organization. People management is a role undertaken by the human resource managers who have to focus on both hiring and firing people as well as getting the most out of them.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
The continuous business approach was undertaken to improve the performance and quality of employee’s services and hence improve customer experience. Developed by William Deming, TQM focuses on ensuring that the internal process and guidelines eliminate errors in an organization (Porter & Tanner 2012). Examples of TQM system strategies are the guru approach, the TQM element approach, the award criteria approach, among others.
Knowledge repository
An online database that captures, organizes and knowledge based information. Data contained in the organizational repository can easily be searched and retrieved. Knowledge repository aids organization to link people with information and experts through online searchable libraries and discussion platforms (Botha et al, 2014).    The person education Equella solution and the Microsoft corporation SharePoint collaboration software are examples.
2.
Can knowledge be converted from one type to another?
 Knowledge exists in two main types; tacit and explicit which is discussed in question one above. Converting knowledge from one form to another is possible only if you understand the creative process of each knowledge type. According to Ikujiro Nonaka, their knowledge creation process entails the cycle of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization (Nonaka, 2012).
The concept of “Sharing knowledge” mentioning when it is beneficial and when it is not
Sharing knowledge is beneficial to the organization when it helps in eliminating communication barrier in organizations and helps in improving efficiency, encourage leadership and innovation. The concept of sharing knowledge is, however, a challenge in situations where it generates little enthusiasm among the staff in the organization (Botha et al, 2014).
Are tacit and explicit knowledge related?
Tacit and explicit knowledge may be related because they explain some aspects of knowledge. But as suggested by various studies, the two tell distinctions between knowing how and ‘knowing that’ aspects of human knowledge
Why do we manage knowledge?
Knowledge is crucial to the production and efficiency of an organization. Managing knowledge helps people in the organization to access, share and also update information and knowledge.
How can people and cultures affect an organizations ability to manage knowledge?
The success of managing knowledge in an organization, especially the development and sharing of tacit knowledge highly depend on the intention of involved people.  Knowledge management is also affected by the diversity in the organizational cultures which could be job oriented, professional oriented, tightly controlled or result oriented (Singh et al, 2011).
How can an organizations structure affect its ability to manage knowledge?
The structure of an organization has an impact on knowledge management including its acquisition and usage. According to Singh et al, (2011), a well-designed organizational structure helps in the detection and rectification of administrative errors. Also a good design of the organization leads to clear coordination and tasks clarity hence reduces conflicts and overlap of roles in the organization
What is the role of the human resource management
People management is a role undertaken by the human resource managers who have to focus on both hiring and firing people as well as getting the most out of them.
How can knowledge management be used to ensure customer satisfaction?
Knowledge management as highlighted by Singh et al (2011) brings and sustains advantages that fulfill the demands of customers in creating and supporting features by establishing suitable processes
Explain The 4 Ways Knowledge Can Be Created
There are four ways of creating knowledge (Nonaka, 2012);

   Socialization- denotes the process of sharing experiences such that tacit knowledge is conveyed between two individuals. This involves activities like imitation, practice, and observation
   Externalization- involves articulation of tacit knowledge into explicit concepts.  Concepts creation may happen through analogy, metaphor, and deductions
   Combination- involves systemizing concepts process into a knowledge system through meetings, conversations or combining documents. This stage is enhanced by education and training.

Knowledge Management Thinkers
Thomas H. Davenport is a director at the Accenture Institute for Strategy Change and a guest lecturer in various universities in the US such as Dartmouth College, Babson College among others. He postulates that in the current business world, attention management has become the most important factor of success. Ikujiro Nonaka is a Japanese professor and a theorist at Hitotsubashi University. He is well recognized for developing the four ways of creating knowledge types, that is, Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization (Nonaka, 2012).
References
Botha, Antonie, Derrick Kourie, and Retha Snyman. Coping with continuous change in the business environment: Knowledge management and knowledge management technology. Elsevier, 2014.
Liew, Anthony. “DIKIW: Data, information, knowledge, intelligence, wisdom and their interrelationships.” Business Management Dynamics 2.10 (2013): 49-62.
Nonaka, Ikujiro. “Dynamic organizational capabilities: Distributed leadership and fractal organization.” Strategic Management of Military Capabilities: Seeking Ways to Foster Military Innovation. NIDS International Symposium on Security Affairs. Tokyo: The National Institute for Defense Studies. Retrieved from https://www. needs. go. jp/English/event/symposium/pdf/2012/E-01. pdf (28 Feb. 2014). 2012.
Porter, Les, and Steve Tanner. Assessing business excellence. Routledge, 2012.
Singh Sandhawalia, Birinder, and Darren Dalcher. “Developing knowledge management capabilities: a structured approach.” Journal of Knowledge Management 15.2 (2011): 313-328.

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