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Literature Review On Nursing Preparedness
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Literature Review On Nursing Preparedness
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Introduction
Medication therapy is the first and foremost intervention for most of the diseases. Clinicians rely mostly on the effectiveness of the given medications for better health outcomes for the patients. Although the patients who remain at the receiving end of these interventions are at great risk of exposing themselves to potential harms (Keers et al. 2013). The medications may cause harm to the patients if the nurses fail to provide the correct medication or provide the right one with an absurd dosage.
Concept
According to Aggar et al. 2018, the ability of nursing students to properly prioritise and accordingly plan the care for a patient is essential for their effective performance. This study used the simulation technique and evaluated the effectiveness of the time management intervention in improving the nursing student’s preparedness for medical administration. Another study by Hayes et al. 2015, aimed to explore the different kinds of interruptions and errors in medication administration and their effects on the nursing care. This study utilised the electronic databases including Pubmed, CINAHL, Medline and Scopus to search for the effective strategies that can be implemented to minimise the risk factors and enhance the patient health outcomes.
Comparison
Aggar et al. 2018 have done a quasi-experimental study with university nursing students. The study was done with a non-equivalent comparison group. The time management intervention included a preparatory session that provided the students with an opportunity to increase their clinical knowledge and an implementation session that ensured that improved their time management. The sample size was kept at a medium effect size of 120 per cohort, which has proven to be effectively relevant for this study. This study used a competency based assessment tool (CBAT) for measuring the participant’s perception of preparedness that allows them to correctly administer the medications in clinical practice. Whereas, the article by Hayes et al. 2015 sheds light on the fact that although adequate research have been done on the different kinds of interruptions that may hamper the patient outcomes, not many solution based approaches have been provided yet. Therefore, this study provides an insight to the need for further research and development of effective and sustainable strategies to reduce the medication administration errors. This includes quality learning methods and error management techniques (Cheragi et al. 2013). Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to search for the relevant articles in this study. This approach utilised the qualitative, quantitative and mixed method of studies.
The groups that was involved with the intervention in the study by Aggar et al. 2018, displayed significant improvement in clarifying the instructions to monitor a patient’s condition and after administering the medications and also in evaluating the effectiveness of the administration. On the contrary, the comparison group of the study had a raised level of pharmacological knowledge than the intervention group. Therefore, these findings suggest that the time management and prioritisation strategies, help develop the nurse’s ability of proper medication administration in clinical practice (Aggar and Dawson 2014). While according to Hayes et al. 2015, adapting and implementing the strategies that reduces distractions along with several other methods, enhance the nurses’ ability to easily find their way out of such situations without letting those affect the patient, thus effectively empowering the nurses during medical administration.
Literature gap
However, Aggar et al. 2018 failed to do the follow-up and thereby were unable to match all the surveys. This had led to a decrease in the actual assessed number of samples and thereby, limited the detection ability for preparing scores between intervention and comparison groups. The search method for the study by Hayes et al. 2015, also resulted in limiting the number of findings where research related to these concepts were inadequate in the first place. This study only considered articles from 2005 onwards, thereby may have left out some relevant researches done on this topic. Along with this, the study focussed on the registered and undergraduate nurses and thereby the research done with enrolled nurses who also work with medication administration has not been included in this study (Raban and Westbrook 2013).
Conclusion
Therefore it can be concluded that, with the increasing workload and simultaneous decline in the workforce, nurses are being put into quite a challenging situation. The nurses must be focussed while administering the medications. The interventions that lead to effective disease management provide multiple benefits such as by utilising them disease progression can be stalled and lead to improved patient outcome. Therefore, the nursing students must be adequately educated regarding the pharmacological aspect of medication administration relating to patient safety and a positive patient outcome.
References
Aggar, C. and Dawson, S., 2014. Evaluation of student nurses’ perception of preparedness for oral medication administration in clinical practice: A collaborative study. Nurse education today, 34(6), pp.899-903.
Aggar, C., Bloomfield, J.G., Frotjold, A., Thomas, T.H. and Koo, F., 2018. A time management intervention using simulation to improve nursing students’ preparedness for medication administration in the clinical setting: A quasi-experimental study. Collegian, 25(1), pp.105-111.
Cheragi, M.A., Manoocheri, H., Mohammadnejad, E. and Ehsani, S.R., 2013. Types and causes of medication errors from nurse’s viewpoint. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 18(3), p.228.
Hayes, C., Jackson, D., Davidson, P.M. and Power, T., 2015. Medication errors in hospitals: a literature review of disruptions to nursing practice during medication administration. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(21-22), pp.3063-3076.
Keers, R.N., Williams, S.D., Cooke, J. and Ashcroft, D.M., 2013. Prevalence and nature of medication administration errors in health care settings: a systematic review of direct observational evidence. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 47(2), pp.237-256.
Raban, M.Z. and Westbrook, J.I., 2013. Are interventions to reduce interruptions and errors during medication administration effective?: a systematic review. BMJ Qual Saf, pp.bmjqs-2013.
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