LAWS8277 International Business Transactions

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LAWS8277 International Business Transactions

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LAWS8277 International Business Transactions

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Course Code: LAWS8277
University: Australian National University

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Country: Australia

Question:
1.What about this topic that deserves investigation/research?2.Statistics to show that online shopping is pervasive the influence of online shopping3.Demography of online shoppers – the profile of online shoppers as opposed to retail shoppers?National level and global levelHow it changed the culture of shoppingRise of influencersMode of delivery = Facebook, Instagram etcImplications of online shoppingEthics – credibility?Corporate fraud / scam onlineThe business implications – on government taxation schemeImplication on government’s plan to market Singapore as a shopping paradise
Answer:

Introduction
In the current situation, it has been identified that after the introduction of the ecommerce in the industry, the monetary transaction practices between the organizations and customers have increased through the internet. The benefits of online transaction is it is less time consuming and in this process both the parties do not need to be physically present. In the year 2017, the impact of online transaction on the retail industry has been identified (Verhoef, Kannan and Inman 2015). It is true that after the availability of e-transaction facilities among the customers, the traditional transaction process has got affected in retail industry. However, it cannot be denied that after the introduction on online transaction facilities the sales rate of retail industry has increased. Hence, it can be said that the online transaction process has brought the growth opportunities for the retail industry. It is true that online transaction process has brought growth opportunities for the retail organizations, however, it cannot be denied that after this process the infrastructural changes and expensive financial initiatives have not been possible to adopt for each and every organization. In this situation, the organization which are still using the traditional transact process are not being able to compete with the other organizations. With the increasing GDP contribution of Singapore retail industry, it is true that with in 2022, the online transaction facilities will be the default transaction process in the ecommerce (Lewis and Reiley 2014).
The purpose of this study is to identify both the positive and negative impacts of online transaction in the retail industry. Using the proper research methods the project has shed light on the statistical information of current retail industry, after the introduction on e-transaction process. It has been mentioned in this study that after the operational initiatives of the organizations regarding business efficiency, the customer relationship has got improved. In order to highlight the current situation, two case studies related online transaction in retail industry has been discussed. It cannot be denied that after the introduction of online transaction practices, the ecommerce has become the default shopping mode for the companies. In the rural areas, where the digital concept has not been reached yet, in those cases the target market of the companies is getting affected.
Online transaction process has become popular among the customers. As it is less time consuming and highly influential in terms of increasing sales revenue, therefore, in most of the cases the online transaction has become popular (Thakur and Srivastava 2015). However, with the increasing opportunities, the online transaction practices have brought various issues in this industry. Issues regarding the transaction security have been aroused. In most of the cases the customers have complaint against the companies for the fake transactions. It also cannot be denied that fraud accounts and unfairly transaction of the customers have brought various challenges for the retail organizations. On the other hand, digital payment failure has become the common problem for the customers. Due to the technological issues and digital payment failures, payment amount being deducted from the customers amount (Malinova and Park 2015). Retrieving the amount back to the customers’ account is a lengthy process, which creates dissatisfaction among the customers. In this situation, lack of awareness among customers regarding the online transaction has become the major challenge.
The aim of this research is to identify both the positive and negative impact of online transaction in the retail industry. On the other hand, in this study, barriers of e-commerce in the case of dealing with the customer complain. At the end of the study, it has provided measurable recommendations, which are beneficial in terms of dealing with the challenges.
Objectives

To analyze the challenges of ecommerce in the current situation
To identify both the positive and negative impacts of e-transaction in the retail industry
To provide the measurable recommendations to deal with the challenges

Which are the challenges of ecommerce in the current situation?
What are the positive and negative impacts of e-transaction in the retail industry?
Lack of awareness among the people regarding the pooper payment practices in the industry has become the major issue in case of retail industry. It is true that after the introduction of the online payment facilities, large number of payment security regarding issues have been aroused. With the increasing customer complains the current retail industry is facing declining sales rate related issues. The organizations, which are still following the traditional transaction practices, are facing lower sales issues. In this situation, it has become tough for the companies to maintain position in the competitive market (Chou, Chuang and Shao 2016). The significance of this study is to identify the impact of online transaction facilities in the current retail industry. It will be beneficial for the organizations to develop the financial structure. It has been mentioned in this research that lack of awareness among people regarding the online transaction, has brought challenges for the companies. The significance of the study is here the barriers of ecommerce have been identified. Depending on the identified challenges the study has provided the measurable recommendations so that challenges can be reduced. The study will be beneficial for the organizations as it will help to develop the effective infrastructure so that such errors can be solved.
H0: Online transaction does not have impact on retail shopping
H1: Online transaction has a significant impact on retail shopping
In the research methodology chapter, the systematic process is being introduced that is being used in case of conducting research paper. In this research methodology chapter the appropriate structu6re of the research project is being described. Discussing the relevant concepts related to the research, have been discussed in this chapter. In this chapter the research philosophy as well as research approaches have been highlighted. In order to conduct the research in logical manner the research purpose has been highlighted. Introducing the data collection processes, the study has shed light on the research topic. At the end of this chapter the researcher has mentioned about research limitations and ethical considerations. A Gantt chart has been included at the end of this chapter.
In order to conduct the research project the interpretivism research philosophy has been selected. Using the descriptive research purpose, the researcher has tried to achieve the objectives in logical manner. Using the deductive research approach, the previous theories and models have been discussed in this research. Secondary data has been collected by the researcher for this research project. Collecting the qualitative data from different journals and articles the researcher has tried to project the brief discussion regarding the topic.
In the research onion the research structure is being described. It helps the researcher to develop appropriate methodology for conducting the research project. In the research onion, six layers are being shown. In every layer, different methods regarding the research project are discussed. In the first layer, the idea regarding research philosophy is being analyzed. In the second layer, research approach has been highlighted. In case of third layer, the methodologies regarding the particular research are being chosen. Fourth layer discuss about the research strategies. Fifth layer mentions about the time horizon. The estimated time for conducting the research is being discussed in this layer. Sixth layer is the last layer in research onion. In sixth layer the process and techniques which are being used in order to conduct a research project are being discussed.
In the words of Vaioleti (2016), research philosophy plays a significant role for providing the knowledge and dimension of the research project. The research philosophy helps for providing the basic concepts and facts so that the research can be conducted in proper manner. It is true that the philosophical aspects in a research project can be classified into two parts. In case of epistemology, the knowledge is being referred, however, in case of ontology, the reality is being referred. By arguing this Flick (2015) said, the philosophical aspects are phenomenology and axiology. On the other hand, Lewis (2015) had classified research philosophy into three parts, such as Positivism, realism and interpretivism.  In this research project, the interpretivism has been selected.
Justification for chosen philosophy
In order to conduct this research, the interpretivism research philosophy has been selected. In tin case of interpretivism, the naturalistic approach can be developed. It is true that through the interpretivism research philosophy the depth research can be done. By following the humanistic qualitative approach, the interpretivism research philosophy helps to reach at the ultimate goal. Hence, it can be said that by following the interpretivism research philosophy, the researcher has got the chance to use advance thinking in the project.
Research approach can be classified into two parts, induction and deductive research design. In case of inductive research approach, new models and theories are being developed by the researcher. On the other hand, in case of deductive research approach, the research is being developed depending on the previous models and theories related to the particular topic. In this research project, the researcher will follow the deductive research approach.
In this case the researcher has decided to select the deductive research approach because using the previous theories and models the researcher has developed the project. The deductive research approach has helped the researcher to conduct the research in proper manner by utilizing the models and theories.
In the words of Smith (2015), there are three types of research purpose, such as descriptive, explanatory and exploratory research purpose. In the research purpose, the actual structure of the research can be identified. In case of dealing with the research objectives in an appropriate manner, the research purpose is very important. In case of descriptive research purpose, both the exploration and explanation research techniques are being used. In this case the information which is being collected can be discussed in details. On the other hand in exploratory research purpose, the inductive approach is being linked. It is considered as the lengthy process in which new ideas are being developed. In case of explanatory purpose, several ideas and methods are being discussed in case of analyzing the effect and case of the research project. In order to conduct this research, the descriptive research purpose has been chosen.
Justification for choosing the particular research purpose
In order to conduct the research project, the researcher has selected the descriptive research purpose because by following this, researcher has got the chance to provide the information in detail. It is true that in case of conducting a research in systematic manner, the descriptive research purpose is very impo6rtant. On the other hand, it is also true that using the descriptive research purpose, the researcher has developed the proper picture of the research project by adding the detail information.
Depending on the secondary data the research has been conducted. After collecting the information from the previous journals and articles, the information related to the topic has been collected . Two case studies have been discussed in the research project. After collecting the information from both the case studies, the critical comparison has helped the researcher t reach at the final goal.
  Large number of data and information is required for conducting the research project. Therefore, this can be said that the researcher needs to focus on acquiring different types of data. In the words of Mackey and Gass (2015), data collection process is very important because, data plays a significant role in terms of conducting the research in an appropriate manner.
Primary and secondary are the two types of data sources. In case of primary data sources, it can be said that the materials which are being collected are original. In case of primary data source, the information is first hand and the evidences are directly being collected. In this process, the information is being introduced in original form. On the other hand, in case of secondary data sources the information is being collected from the journals, article and official websites (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). In case of collecting the secondary data the official data from different company websites are being collected. In order to conduct the research the researcher has used the secondary data sources the data has been collected from the news articles journals and others authentic websites.
 Qualitative and quantitative are the two types of data analysis techniques. In case of qualitative data analysis, the social phenomena are being understood through experiencing and participating in the research. In case of qualitative data analysis, non numeric information is being collected.  The narrative analysis is being done in this process. In the qualitative data analysis process different theories and models are being introduced. On the other hand, in case of quantitative data analysis process, the numerical information is being collected. In this research the researcher has selected the qualitative data analysis process. As the research has been conducted depending on the secondary data, therefore, using the qualitative data analysis methods the researcher has collected the information in detail so that the objectives of the research can be achieved.
In order to conduct the research, the research has followed the data protection Act 1998, where it has been mentioned that none of the information will be copied by the researcher (Lewis 2015). It is also true that the information which has been collected from the journals and articles have been in texted properly. On the other hand, none of the company logo has been used on the research project. The research has been done only for the academic purpose. The ethics has been mentioned by the researcher while collecting the data.
In order to conduct the research various limitations have been faced by the researcher. In this study, it has been already mentioned that the information has been collected from the journals and articles.  The researcher has faced financial issues in case of buying the journals as the budget for the research project was not sufficient. On the other hand, it is true that due to lack of sufficient times, the researcher has to complete the research with in very short period. The researcher has got only 12 months for conducting the research which is not sufficient.  In this situation, it is also true that the researcher has not got the chance to collect the entire information. Some of the information has also not been collected by the research from internet due to lack of accessibility. It is also true that of the researcher gets proper time and financial help, it would have been better for the research project.

Main activities/ stages

Month
January-February

Month
March-April

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May-June

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July- August

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September- October

Month
November-December

Selection of the research topic

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Collection of data from the secondary sources

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Designing the research

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Literature review

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Formatting the research plan

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Selecting the research techniques

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Secondary data collection

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Interpreting the data

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Conclusion

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Making a  Rough Draft

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Final Work

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In this chapter, the data has been collected and the research philosophies, technique and research approaches have been discussed.
Literature review 
In this chapter various theories and models relevant to the topic have been discussed. In this study, different statistical data related to the topic has been mentioned. The whole concepts and ideas of the particular research project have developed in this chapter. Relevant models with detail explanation have been discussed in this chapter.
In case of private consumers, the ecommerce falls into the category of business to consumer. This process includes in the case of the case of the online and retail shopping. In case of retail organizations, Amazon, Walmart, Wesfarmers and many others organizations have become the biggest retailing corporations (Edb.gov.sg 2018). With the increasing uses of technology and internet in the industry, online shopping has become popular among the people. In the report of 2017, it has been identified that near about 1.66 billion people have purchased their products through online (Edb.gov.sg 2018). It is true that in the same year, the electronic sales rate in the retail industry has aroused near about 2.3 trillion US dollars. Due to the increasing development in the retail industry, it can be expected that within coming 2021, the growth rate will reach at 4.48 trillion US dollar. It has been identified that mobile shopping has become popular among the people and has increased the uses of shopping apps. In the recent report, it has been identified that in case of Asia Pacific region, 46% of the total internet users prefer the mobile shopping (Edb.gov.sg 2018). The rate is 28% in case of North America. On the other hand, it is true that sales revenue of the retail organizations have risen due to the increasing uses of smart phones.  In a recent survey on 2017, it has been identified that the 11% of the global online shoppers use the Smartphone for the shopping purpose (Edb.gov.sg 2018).
Financial status of the customers plays an important role in terms of influencing the growth rate of ecommerce. In the current competitive situation, it has become harder for the organizations to fulfill the changing demands of the customers (Chou, Chuang and Shao 2016). In this situation the noticeable revolution has been shown after introduction of ecommerce. With the healthy economic growth all the over the world, the living standard of the customers have changed. Technological advancement in the industry has brought attractive growth in the E-retail industry. It can be said that the growing consumerism can be the major key driver in the global market. Improvement organizational infrastructure as well as rising income level, convergence the needs of the customers have become possible for organizations. Not only in the urban areas, but al so the growth has reached in different remote areas, where people need to the facilities. After the evaluation of E-retail infrastructure, the organizations have gained the opportunities to understand the customers’ needs. Assurance of product quality is important for the organizations to survive in the competitive industry. Hence, it can be sad that quality of the product and services is another important key driver in business growth. On the other hand, Chang and Fang (2017) opined that with raising the level of education among customers, the growth trend has got affected. With increasing knowledge people have become aware of availability of the products in the market. It is also true that literacy among people has brought the changes in their preferences. Therefore, this can be said that due to this reason the E-retailers need to develop their customer relationship strategies so that the knowledgeable customers can be satisfied. It is also true that the comfort, location, quality and convenience are important key drivers in bringing the growth in E-market (Malinova and Park 2015).
Ecommerce is being considered as the process in which the selling and buying processes of various products are being done through the internet. After the globalization, ecommerce has become popular among the customers. With the availability of technological equipment, the sales revenue in the ecommerce has got improved. It is true that there are 6 types of ecommerce business models, which are being used in the current retail industry. The models are ‘business to business’, ‘customer to customer’, ‘business to customer’, ‘business to administration’, ‘customer to business’ and ‘customer to administration’. In case of business to business model, the electronic transaction as well as the business dealings regarding goods and services is being done between the organizations. In this process, the wholesalers and retailers are being involved. However, in case of customer to customer model, the transaction process is being done between two consumers. In this process, the involvement of third party is important. In case of business to customer model, the relationship between the customers with the business organization is being highlighted (Lewis and Reiley 2014). Retail commerce trade influences this process. The electronic shopping, the customers get huge information regarding the products and services of the company. It is also beneficial for them as in this process; they get purchase the products in lower ranges. On the other hand, in business to administration model, the relationship between the public administration and companies is being highlighted. In the customer to business model, the reversal buying and selling process is being placed (Chang and Fang 2017). In this process, the individuals sell their products through the business websites. At the end, the customer to administration process has been highlighted. In this model, the ecommerce is being done between the public administration and customers.
It has been identified that Singapore is being considered as the economically strong country. In case of investment, Singapore is being considered as the third largest country. In the year 2016, the Singapore business sector has contributed In GDP near about 156.2 million US dollar. It has been identified that near about 7.933 billion US dollar has been invested in the case of foreign direct investment (Straitstimes.com 2018). It is true that for the Philippines, Singapore is the no 1 investment source for Philippines. It is true that Singapore is the fourth largest export market in the export industry. In the year 2016, the export amount in Philippines was 3.7 billion US dollar (Dti.gov.ph 2018). According to the economics experts, the fastest servicing facilities in the home delivery process as well as street stalls, the level of customer satisfaction is quite higher. As its result, the sales rate in the industry is high. The Singapore business industry has included near about 62000 innovation technologies and the business opportunities in the market, which has helped to bring the business growth (Dti.gov.ph 2018). It is also true that local brands in Singapore have highly contributed in the trade industry.
It has been identified that Singapore is trying to establish the image as the global e-commerce hub for establishing its strong image in the global market. it is true that various government agencies in Singapore have invested in the e-commerce. It is true that the retail industry in Singapore has contributed 1.4% in the GDP (Straitstimes.com 2018). Near about 170000 employees have been appointed all over the country in different retail sector.  Introducing the new digital technologies in the retail sector, the growing ecommerce market in Singapore has brought various opportunities for the retail sector. With the rapid growth in internet retail marketing, the competitive business environment has been introduced. In this situation, the pressure for bringing innovation in the market on the retail organizations has increased. It is true that the within the year 2020, the vibrant retail industry will be introduced in the Singapore market (Scamwatch.gov.au 2018. ). In case of bringing the opportunities for the start up communities, the government in Singapore has introduced fair regulations and taxation policies. In case of entering in the ecommerce landscape, the support is being collected from the Action community for Entrepreneurship. With the retail industry transformation map, capability of retailers in competitive market increases.
In the recent report it has been identified that Singapore government is still struggling to introduce an effective taxation policy for the ecommerce industry (Chang and Fang 2017). In the recent interview in a radio channel, the senior state minister of law and finance Indranee Rajah has mentioned about the recent concern of the Singapore government (Scamwatch.gov.au 2018). However, it is true that in case of promoting the healthy economic growth the government has introduced sound taxation policies in trade industry. Both the direct and indirect taxation policies have been introduced in case of supporting the government expenditure (Wang 2018). It is true that the increasing GST has brought the dissatisfaction among the citizen. In the year 1993, the GST White paper was released. After that incident, in the year 1994, in the press conference the 3% taxation was introduced for five years (Straitstimes.com 2018). It has helped in case of cooling the anger of citizen. In the round 1 hike, 5% GDP has increased by the Singapore finance ministry, which has spread the unhappiness among the Singapore citizen (Straitstimes.com 2018). In the second hike, the GDP rate increased 7%, which was after the election of 2006 (Straitstimes.com 2018). After the poll, the government has decided to develop clear infrastructure for the taxation policies. The government aims to cut the corporate and individual income taxes for boosting the competitiveness of Singapore industry. In order to reduce the excessive taxation pressure from the young population, the government has decided to prepare taxation policies also for the aged population.
In the current situation Albashrawi and Lowell (2016), in the current situation, with increasing uses of online marketing, the rate of online scam has also increased in the global ecommerce industry. By supporting this Song et al. (2017) stated that many of the customers have complaint that they have faced the issues regarding fake transaction, wrong product and ignorance from the company. In this situation the customer relationship as well as business ethics has got affected. it is not true that all the times the buyers get cheated, in the survey it has been identified sometimes the customers provide incorrect bank details and wrong information during the transaction process. It is true that sometimes the wrong products are being delivered by the companies and such organizations do not communicate in case of return and refund activities (Lee et al. 2018). In the recent report of Australian government, it has been identified that the sometimes the organizations develop fake websites in the internet. They use sophisticate designs, attractive logos and layouts. These activities are being introduced for grabbing the attention of the customers. On the other hand, Song et al. (2017) opined that it has been identified the newer version of online scam has been introduced through social media. Through Facebook and Instagram, many fake retail websites shows the branded products in low ranges for grabbing customers’ attention (Scamwatch.gov.au 2018).  In the payment process the transaction related scam occurs. Sometimes people receive the fake products.
The technology acceptance model has higher level of significance in adopting the ecommerce process. It is an information system theory in which the acceptance of the users and uses of technology is being highlighted. There are various factors those play influential role in terms of identifying the acceptance capabilities of the customers. Therefore, it has been mentioned in this model that the technological acceptance of the customers has been highlighted. It is true that depending on the external variables the perspective and attitude of the customers change. In the below diagram the technology acceptance model chain has been shown.
Theory of Planned Behaviour is one of the theories that is involved in the process of behavioural growth of the person with the believes of the persons. According to the theory, the attitude of the person is deliberated towards the subjective norms of the control of behaviour. The theory which was projected by Icek Ajzen is there for the prediction of the theory which is determined for the action which is being conducted in a reasoned manner (Montano and Kasprzyk 2015). In this theory it has been stated that with the increase in the behavioural control of the people towards a subjective matter, the greater the attitude of the people towards the same.
The online shopping experience of the persons is directed towards the behaviour of the individual and is done for the prediction of the persons in the concerned matter. According to Montano and Kasprzyk(2015), the theory is applicable for the media and other sources of marketing including the online marketing theory which is one of the major factors related to the online shopping of the person. The online business of the firm is directed towards the model in the sense that it has affected the traditional business of the firms who are operating on an offline basis. The perception as well as the behaviour of the people who are associated with the firms are a major reason for the change in the shopping pattern and the latest trend is directed towards the E-commerce business (Jiang, Yang and Jun 2013).
In this chapter, different theories and current situation in the Singapore retail industry have been discussed. Information from different journals and articles have been discussed in this chapter.
In the case study from Losrjournals.org. (2018), the main focus is on the degrading and declining retail industry due to the advent and the ongoing culture of the online business transaction. Online shopping is the latest trend that is being done by the people of the modern world due to the lack of time and patience for the conduction of the physical shopping that is being done by all the people of the previous time. The article which is being assessed here deals with a number of topic related to the trends of online shopping and the problems that is being faced by the people of the retail industry due to the growth of the online shopping in a continuous manner. With the increase in the online shopping trend, the people who are engaged in the retail sector find it very difficult to cope with the rising interest of the customers. The article is an analysis of the rising trends of online shopping which leads to the betterment of the online firm plays a vital role in the business which is conducted online but has some of the major detrimental effects for the people who are doing physical shops and are doing business in a physical manner. The article is a deliberate attempt to analyse and make use of the retail business circuit to make sure that the online trends of the shopping can be reduced or make space for the normal shopping ways so that the people of the business can have a successful life with all the financial and non-financial gains.
In the article provided, there has been a considerable impact of the online shopping upon the retail trade as the people of the retail business are finding it very difficult to have a balanced commercial life because of the increase in the number of online shopping addicts. The various online shopping websites and applications have a number of benefits into the matter like discounts and the availability of a number of products for the convenience of the customers (Luo, Ba and Zhang 2012). This enables the customers to make sure that they are purchasing a number of good products at reasonable prices which can be of great use to the monetary gains of the customers. The article analyses and critically applies the various graphical presentation of the results that the online shopping trends have on the physical stores of the normal sphere. The lack of the physical stores into the genre has led to the fact that the huge number of people who are into the business of the retailer are suffering massively due to the extra flourishment of the online shopping.
According to Montano and Kasprzyk(2015), the online shopping is defined as the form of commercial E-commerce shopping that is used for the purpose of buying and selling directly from the seller or from the websites or applications that are stocking the item or procuring it from the original companies. The increase of the online shopping trends has made it a viable interest to make sure that the retail profit has decreased by a massive amount of upto 80% which is one of the basic problems of any of the industries in the concerned manner. There are certain other problems that are there in the form of the decrease in business and increase in the rate of the customer dissatisfaction. The decrease in business turnover has also resulted in the decrease in the profit margin of the people of the business world which has majorly affected the economy of the country in the concerned time span.
There are a number of reasons for the customers to choose online shopping over the physical form of shopping including the aspects of decreased price and increase in the amount of choosing for the public. There are a number of other options like the stock increase and even the home delivery service that is being provided by the online shopping websites and lacking in the physical stores of the concerned span. The retail physical stores lead to the lack of choice for the people who are purchasing the items and this leads to the customers to go for the online shopping trend as that is easy and hassle-free. In addition according to Wu(2013), the time saving aspect of the online shopping is another big problem that has led to the interest of the online shopping and lack of the retail shopping for the people. In terms of the online shopping, the shopping can be done at any place with any time but for the retail shopping, the customers have to be physically present in the stores which is a cause of hassle for the people who lead a busy life.
The findings of the article after an elaborate research is to find the amount of the importance that is there for the online shopping clients in relation to the physical stores. According to the article, it has been found out that online shopping is gaining importance at a tremendous rate which means that with the increase in the sopping techniques and the online shopping, the face of the retail shopping has changed in a drastic manner. The retail face is more accustomed towards the online shopping trend which means that more people are engaged in the online shopping of the goods and services that the sellers are trying to sell which means that the physical stores are undergoing losses which is a cause of concern for the people who are involved in the sector (Montano and Kasprzy 2015). The E-stores are making sure of the fact that the people who are buying things or services from them are getting all the desired benefits and results for which they will always choose their online stores and not the physical shops.
The article analyses the fact that the retailers who are conducting the business in the sector of any goods or services have to gear up to make sure that the customers who are their own are not directed to the online shopping websites and apps and also to the fact that they attract new customers to the genre. The overall article is just a reflection of the problems that the retail industry is facing in the time of the online shopping websites so that the problems can be solved with the level of dedication to make sure that both the online as well as the offline shopping customers are benefitted like the shops.
In the case study provided in Patterson (2009), there is again an analysis on the contemporary topic of the effect of the online shopping on the traditional retail traders and shoppers in every industry including the fashion and apparel industry. Fashion and apparel industry is continuously rising in the sector which means that more and more people are interested in the sector which accounts for the greater number of business propensities and opportunities from the people who are conducting the work and also the fact that each of the online shopping websites have the required amount of fashion and accessory to be posted so that the customers have the opportunity of having better amount of choices for the fashion world. The advent of the fashion and accessory industry is of there in the concerned time and of the fact that online business have a number of pros to the fact which make the business successful in the recent years.
According to the views stated by Hsu, Chuan-Chuan Lin and Chiang(2013), the online fashion and accessory industry is ever developing which means that the people who are interested in the industry are always on the lookout for the fashion which is there in the world level. The online websites operating from the various parts of the world have the access to get world fashion into a single web screen as they have a large warehouse to store their goods and also to the fact that they have the knowledge of the fashion that is being there operating in the modern world. However according to Richa (2012), with the case of the traditional retailers who are only limited to a specific space and time have the access to a limited amount of fashion and knowledge which makes their collection not so appealing when being compared to the rest of the world fashion which is available on the online fashion stores.
The developed and the most fashion conscious states are always on the net and they do not have the required amount of time to make sure to visit a physical store and then get their fashion queries sorted. They need an instant solution to their problems and fashion related queries which means that for them the online fashion trends are there which is of great importance (Hsu, Chuan-Chuan Lin and Chiang 2013). The increase in the number of online users have increased considerably in the modern period which means that the number of people who are shopping online have also increased to a great level.
The increase in the Internet retail business have made to the point that the traditional sellers are not getting the desired results for the fashion segments that they are conducting for the customers. The market online retail has increased considerably to a great amount to the fact that the online shopping has become a trend in opposition to the traditional retail shopping that is there in the specified time span. Accrording to Richa(2012), there are a number of people who do online shopping and those people fall under the age brackets who are engaged in the online transaction activity. The online transaction activity of the customers for the online shopping trends are there for the market definition of the online sector of the business.
The increase in the business as well as the profit of the online shopping is to make sure that the retail business owners are there who are doing the work but are not getting enough profit due to the fact that the people of the online business are giving more opportunities to the customers for the fact that they have more options to provide to the people of the times. According to the article, the expected increase in the amount of E-commerce rate is more than 11% as per the article that has been analysed. The article by Patterson (2009) also claims to have more than $19.3 billion investment in the online shopping business of the world so that the people of the online shopping sites have the benefit of getting more business into the service and also to the fact that the growing popularity of apparel and fashion has been made sure of the fact that the online shopping industry has been made possible.
The E-commerce business have a major amount of 60% sales in the sector to the fact that with the growth of the online shopping sites and the increase in the amount of interest for the fashion brands to have the concerned amount of profit in terms of the sales of the online fashion things (Jiang, Yang and Jun 2013). The article analysis tables and figures which clearly states that the amount of profit and sales have increased in the online fashion and trading industry and have reduced considerably in the retail traditional market which is there in the concerned time span.
The article analysis the growth of the E-commerce industries due to the increase in the amount of the Internet practises which is one of the chief aspects of the modern world. The online and fashion industries have to be in analysis with the trends of the world which is one of the prime reasons why there is a considerable amount of the growth of the online shopping firms in comparison to the traditional and the retail industries of the world (Kuo and Wu 2012). The article has a clear indication of the fact that in the modern world there is an analysis of the modern online shopping which also accounts to the fact that the traditional business world and the shops have to be coped up to make sure that the traditional shopping places have to coped up to make sure that they get a number of modern practises for the conduction of the study in the modern manner. The traditional stores have to improve their measures to cope up with the online business to make as much profit as possible in the modern era.
When the two articles are compared with a critical level, a number of similarities and dissimilarities measures can also be considered for the fact. On the analysis the two articles, it can be found that the online business and online trade have impacted the traditional retail industry in a negative fashion which means that the online fashion industry has taken a toll on the physical stores that is there in the modern world. The two articles which are being mentioned in the previous part though speaks of the same topic regarding the online shopping and the effect of the online shopping on the physical and retail stores that is there in the concerned time span, the two articles has contrasting and opposing angles to look at the matter. The matter that has been mentioned here speaks of the number of implications that the online shopping trend have on the physical retail stores that are there in the world.
The two articles are contrasting in a number of angles which range from both the view point of the author as well the area which is being considered in the required span of time. The analysis as well as the critical implications of the case study reminds of the fact that the online trade and business have a number of implications on the physical retail stores that are there in the modern world. The first article generally talks about the implications of the online retail stores on the modern world where as the second article particularly discusses on the fashion and apparel industry of the United States of America which is one of the biggest industry of the modern sector. According to Richa(2012), the sector is evident of the fact that more people are interested in online shopping than any other form of shopping which is evident in the fact that the rate of profit for online shopping is increasing at a whooping rate compared to the other facts of shopping which is there in the required span of time.
The two articles are compared from a number of points including both qualitative and quantitative methods which includes graphs and charts that are there in the concerned manner. The two articles are analysed with the fact that both the qualitative and the quantitative means are there in the two analysis which means that both the articles are critically evaluated with the means of keeping in mind. According to Ha and Stoel(2012), the first article evaluates the negative impact that the online shopping websites have on the retail stores which means that due to the influence of the online retail stores which are engaging and increasing at a rapid rate, the second article gives the evidence of the increasing online retail industry which is for the fact that the fashion and the apparel industry is increasing at a rapid manner giving lesser scope for the physical stores to make their marks in the minds of the people who are engaged in the work of selling the fashion accessories to the concerned people.
The two articles have also evaluated the fact that due to the increase in the online shopping trends by the customers due to their lack of time for engaging in the physical shopping, the online shopping have been increased to a brand new level. According to Richa (2012), the online shopping prospect of the new generation is greater than the physical stores aiming to the fact that with the increase in the online shopping of the industries in a concerned manner, it becomes very important for the companies and industries to have a look over the prospect of the online shopping matter.
By the critical analysis of both the articles, it becomes evident that the online shopping trend is on a rise which means that the physical stores have to keep in mind and even formulate plans for the betterment of the stores and restock items and make sure that the new items are there for the concerned span of time. The critical analysis of the articles makes sure that all the similarities as well as the dissimilarities of the two articles in comparison to the online shopping portal is being assessed to make sure that the all the required that both the aspect of the online shopping trends have to be kept in mind. The difference of the two articles are clearly evident from the fact that one of them talks about the global online circle in a general manner focussing on the points of the online shopping trend as well as the interest of the clients to go for online shopping rather than offline shopping while the second article deals with the fact that the fashion and the accessory industries have better access to the online shopping portal which accounts for the lack of physical stores and even the lack of the interest of the customers for approaching the physical market for the buying purpose (Ha and Stoel 2012).
According to Luo, Ba and Zhang(2012), E-commerce industry is one of the booming industries in the retail sector with more number of people venturing into the sector and making maximum profit through making customer interaction and even inviting customer from all over the world. The scope of online market is endless as it encompasses a number of factors that has driven the growth and opportunity of the sector in the concerned span of time. In the literature review stated, the factors of the growth of the E-commerce industry is stated which has signified a positive growth of the sector in the modern world. In addition, there are a number of growth factors of the E-commerce industries which is positive to the fact that in the modern world, there is ample scope for the growth of the sector. The global market is booming with many E-commerce websites and also are related to the various goods and services that is being taken into consideration. In addition, the E-commerce models are also being followed which proves that with the modern world, there is a scope for the expansion of the E-commerce business in the world. According to Jiang, Yang and Jun(2013), there is a possibility for the increase in the online shopping business to a great amount due to the growth factors associated with the business scene. There are a number of ways in which the E-commerce business can be done namely the business to customer as well as the business to business form which impacts the customer relation with the business and their involvement in a more positive way.
According to Wu et al. (2014), with the global market, the influence of online shopping market in Singapore is also relatively high as with the increase in the amount of the online shopping phenomenon, it becomes quite an interesting idea to explore the unsaid economies and also the market areas which are rare to find. The Singaporean market is one of the basic markets which is not only technologically updated but also serves to be one of the best hubs for the online shopping industries to be established there. The Singaporean market and the online commerce industry has always received a positive compliment from the customers and are engaged in a number of online shopping aspects including the services. However, due to the tremendous growth of the online shopping portal, there has been a major decrease in the reliability of the customers due to the frauds that are occurring at all the levels of the firm. According to Hsu, Chuan-Chuan Lin and Chiang(2013), the online shopping industry is developing at a great rate which means that there are ample opportunities for the customers as well as the owners of the organizations to have the basic amount of profit at the online shopping portal which is absent in the normal traditional stores physically present for the people. However, according to (Montano and Kasprzyk 2015), due to the greater amounts of frauds that is being detected due to the online transaction at the online websites, it becomes quite a hassle for the customers as well as the employees to trust the site and thereby regulate the growth. The growth of the online website is totally dependent on the factors of the business growth and the strategies that is being developed by the firms at the present manner.
The articles and the case studies which have been analysed in the due course can be connected with the theories and models of the online shopping and made sure that the authors of the case study have a common point of agreement like the importance of the online shopping in the said manner. Both the case study and the analytical model reveals that with the influence of the online shopping websites, there has been a great increase in effect of the physical stores that are present in the world. According to Kuo and Wu(2012), the traditional stores are being affected in the said manner which means that a large number of people are also greatly affected by the overall problems that has been raised by the case study phenomenon. The case study as well as the literature review majorly highlights the positives that are there in the E-commerce business of the world, however there are certain negative aspects of this business too which is can also be analysed. Other than being one of the best platforms for the selling of goods as well as the invitation of the other kind of sellers in the prolonged period of time, the online shopping and E-commerce stores have affected the traditional sellers and the general whim of the customers to purchase the goods.
The fraud and the other problems of the online E-commerce stores however are not the safest to use being one of the best platforms for the duplicity for the products (Wu 2013). There are ample evidence for frauds in terms of money matters as well as the non-monetary levels. This has made sure that the models as well as theories are relevant in the matter and also to the fact that the research in the said matter is to analyse the case in the relevant topic.
According to Wu(2013), the online shopping business is one of the most spreading in the matter which means that it is growing at a rapid rate with each passing day and also to the fact that the growth has downwardly affected the business of the traditional business. Though there are a number of affirmatives and negatives to the whole issue, there are certain implications of the online shopping business which has its value in the modern day world. The research is according to that and sheds light on the said forces with greater emphasis as well as strength.
Future scope of the research 
In the above analysis, it has been identified that the study will help the retail organizations to identify the actual reason behind the issues regarding online retail industry. It has been identified in this study that due to the corporate fraud, the sales revenue as well as the reputation of the organizations hampered. The study will help the organizations to develop appropriate strategies so that the online fraud cases can be solved. On the other hand, in this study the future opportunities and rapid growth of the online retail industry has been discussed. It can be said that the future opportunities can encourage large number of entrepreneurs to develop their business in this industry. In this study the taxation policies and recent growth in Singapore retail industry have been mention. It can be said that the political and economic situation in Singapore can brought various growth opportunities for the retail organizations through ecommerce.
Conclusion 
In this study, it has been identified that various challenges in the ecommerce industry has been identified in the current situation. Due to the corporate fraud practices in the internet, the sales revenue as well as the profitability and customer relationship is being affected. However, it cannot be denied that Singapore industry has brought various opportunities in terms of bringing the financial growth in the industry.
In this case the study has firstly aimed to identify the challenges in ecommerce industry. From the secondary analysis, it has been identified that various corporate fraud activities and recent taxation policies are playing the role of key driver for retail industry. These are the major challenges in the online retail industry. Therefore, the first objective has been achieved in the research.
In the second objective the research aims to identify both the positive and negative impact of transaction in the electronic retail industry. It has been clearly shown in the above study that after the introduction of online business in the Singapore industry, the sales revenue has been increased. With the fastest growing business situation it has been identified that large number of entrepreneur has decided to enter in this industry. On the other hand, from the case study analysis, it has been identified that the due to the increasing online transaction issues, the customer relationship and rate of profitability have been affected.
In the third objective, the researcher has focused on identifying the measurable recommendations for dealing with the challenges. After analyzing the study, it can be said that the retail organizations needs to focus on bringing the strategic changes and technological security, it will be beneficial for the organizations.
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